Synthesis, Properties, and Derivatization of Poly(dihydrogermane): A Germanium-Based Polyethylene Analogue
Polygermanes are germanium-based analogues of polyolefins and possess polymer backbones made up catenated Ge atoms. In the present contribution we report the preparation of a germanium polyethylene analogue, polydihydrogermane (GeH2)n, via two straightforward approaches that involve topotactic deintercalation of Ca ions from the CaGe Zintl phase.
The resulting (GeH2)n possesses morphologically dependent chemical and electronic properties and thermally decomposes to yield amorphous hydrogenated Ge. We also show that the resulting (GeH2)n provides a platform from which functionalized polygermanes can be prepared via thermally induced hydrogermylation-mediated pendant group substitution.
composite-agency
 ELISA Kit) General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) ELISA Kit |
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CEX163Ge-1x48wellstestplate |
Cloud-Clone |
1x48-wells test plate |
EUR 702.12 |
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Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. |
General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) ELISA Kit |
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CEX163Ge-1x96wellstestplate |
Cloud-Clone |
1x96-wells test plate |
EUR 951.6 |
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Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. |
General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) ELISA Kit |
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CEX163Ge-5x96wellstestplate |
Cloud-Clone |
5x96-wells test plate |
EUR 3922.2 |
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Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. |
General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) ELISA Kit |
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4-CEX163Ge |
Cloud-Clone |
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EUR 7309.20
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EUR 3862.80
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EUR 952.80
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- 10 plates of 96 wells
- 5 plates of 96 wells
- 1 plate of 96 wells
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Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of General Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. |
) PEG 4000 (Polyethylene glycol) |
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PB0431 |
Bio Basic |
500g |
EUR 75.66 |
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) PEG 6000 (Polyethylene glycol) |
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PB0432 |
Bio Basic |
500g |
EUR 75.66 |
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) PEG 8000 (Polyethylene glycol) |
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PB0433 |
Bio Basic |
500g |
EUR 75.66 |
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) PEG 3350 (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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41600003-1 |
Bio-WORLD |
1 kg |
EUR 79.43 |
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PEG 3350 (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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41600003-2 |
Bio-WORLD |
5 kg |
EUR 331.75 |
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) PEG 1000 (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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41600040-1 |
Bio-WORLD |
500 mL |
EUR 27.17 |
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PEG 1000 (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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41600040-2 |
Bio-WORLD |
4 L |
EUR 90.31 |
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PEG 1000 (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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41600040-3 |
Bio-WORLD |
1 L |
EUR 40.72 |
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) PEG 4000 (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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41600044-1 |
Bio-WORLD |
500 g |
EUR 33.86 |
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PEG 4000 (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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41600044-2 |
Bio-WORLD |
1 kg |
EUR 63.14 |
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PEG 4000 (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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41600044-3 |
Bio-WORLD |
2.5 kg |
EUR 118.04 |
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) PEG 8000 (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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41600048-1 |
Bio-WORLD |
500 g |
EUR 27.17 |
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PEG 8000 (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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41600048-2 |
Bio-WORLD |
1 kg |
EUR 51.43 |
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PEG 8000 (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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41600048-3 |
Bio-WORLD |
2.5 kg |
EUR 90.14 |
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PEG 6000 (Polyethylene glycol) |
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41600211-1 |
Bio-WORLD |
500 g |
EUR 31.01 |
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PEG 6000 (Polyethylene glycol) |
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41600211-2 |
Bio-WORLD |
1 kg |
EUR 54.43 |
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PEG 6000 (Polyethylene glycol) |
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41600211-3 |
Bio-WORLD |
2.5 kg |
EUR 116.62 |
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) PEG 20000 (Polyethylene glycol) |
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40000034-1 |
Bio-WORLD |
100 g |
EUR 196.92 |
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 Polyethylene Glycol 8000 [PEG 8000] |
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A3631-1KG |
Biomatik Corporation |
1KG |
EUR 35.2 |
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Description: Biotechnology |
Polyethylene Glycol 8000 [PEG 8000] |
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A3631-500G |
Biomatik Corporation |
500G |
EUR 22 |
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Description: Biotechnology |
 CLIA Kit) Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx490560 |
Abbexa |
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EUR 11090.40
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EUR 5904.00
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EUR 1356.00
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- 10 × 96 tests
- 5 × 96 tests
- 96 tests
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) General Polyethylene Glycol ELISA Kit (PEG) |
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RK00701 |
Abclonal |
96 Tests |
EUR 687.6 |
 Antibody) Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Antibody |
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abx021053-100ug |
Abbexa |
100 ug |
EUR 1045.2 |
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Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Antibody |
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abx021054-100ug |
Abbexa |
100 ug |
EUR 1045.2 |
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Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Antibody |
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20-abx132170 |
Abbexa |
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EUR 526.80
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EUR 159.60
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EUR 1513.20
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EUR 727.20
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EUR 393.60
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- 100 ug
- 10 ug
- 1 mg
- 200 ug
- 50 ug
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 PEG Antibody / Polyethylene Glycol |
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R20194-100UG |
NSJ Bioreagents |
100ug |
EUR 415.65 |
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Description: This recombinant PEG antibody reacts to the methoxy group of Polyethylene glycol (PEG). It is specific for methoxypoly(ethylene glycol). |
PEG Antibody / Polyethylene Glycol |
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R20194BTN-50UG |
NSJ Bioreagents |
50ug |
EUR 415.65 |
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Description: This recombinant PEG antibody reacts to the methoxy group of Polyethylene glycol (PEG). It is specific for methoxypoly(ethylene glycol). |
) ELISA kit for General PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) |
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ELK8264 |
ELK Biotech |
1 plate of 96 wells |
EUR 446.4 |
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Description: A competitive Inhibition ELISA kit for detection of Polyethylene Glycol from General in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. |
 Protein (BSA)) Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Protein (BSA) |
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20-abx651925 |
Abbexa |
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EUR 693.60
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EUR 309.60
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EUR 2064.00
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EUR 828.00
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EUR 510.00
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- 100 ug
- 10 ug
- 1 mg
- 200 ug
- 50 ug
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 Protein (OVA)) Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Protein (OVA) |
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20-abx651926 |
Abbexa |
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EUR 693.60
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EUR 309.60
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EUR 2064.00
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EUR 828.00
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EUR 510.00
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- 100 ug
- 10 ug
- 1 mg
- 200 ug
- 50 ug
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) BSA Conjugated Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) |
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4-CPX163Ge11 |
Cloud-Clone |
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EUR 496.32
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EUR 256.80
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EUR 1531.20
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EUR 590.40
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EUR 1060.80
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EUR 408.00
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EUR 3648.00
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- 100 ug
- 10ug
- 1 mg
- 200 ug
- 500 ug
- 50ug
- 5 mg
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Description: Recombinant Pan-species Polyethylene Glycol expressed in: E.coli |
) OVA Conjugated Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) |
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4-CPX163Ge21 |
Cloud-Clone |
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EUR 496.32
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EUR 256.80
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EUR 1531.20
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EUR 590.40
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EUR 1060.80
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EUR 408.00
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EUR 3648.00
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- 100 ug
- 10ug
- 1 mg
- 200 ug
- 500 ug
- 50ug
- 5 mg
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Description: Recombinant Pan-species Polyethylene Glycol expressed in: E.coli |
 Antibody (Biotin)) Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Antibody (Biotin) |
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abx021052-005mg |
Abbexa |
0.05 mg |
EUR 978 |
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 Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit) Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit |
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LKU607349-96T |
Biomatik Corporation |
96T |
EUR 1242 |
Coarse grained simulation of the aggregation and structure control of polyethylene nanocrystals
Polyethylene (PE) telechelics with carboxylate functional groups at both ends have been shown to assemble into hexagonal nanocrystal platelets with a height defined by their chain length in basic CsOH-solution. In this coarse grained (CG) simulation study we show how properties of the functional groups alter the aggregation and crystallization behavior of those telechelics.
Systematic variation of the parameters of the CG model showed that important factors which control nanoparticle stability and structure are the PE chain length and the hydrophilicity and the steric demand of the head groups.
To characterize the aggregation process we analyzed the number and size of the obtained aggregates as well as intramolecular order and intermolecular alignment of the polymer chains. By comparison of CG and atomistic simulation data, it could be shown that atomistic simulations representing different chemical systems can be emulated with specific, different CG parameter sets.
Thus, the results from the (generic) CG simulation models can be used to explain the effect of different head groups and different counterions on the aggregation of PE telechelics and the order of the obtained nanocrystals.
Modelling the visual response to an OUReP retinal prosthesis with photoelectric dye coupled to polyethylene film
Objective: Retinal prostheses have been developed to restore vision in blind patients suffering from diseases like retinitis pigmentosa.
Approach: A new type of retinal prosthesis called the Okayama University-type Retinal Prosthesis (OUReP) was developed by chemically coupling photoelectric dyes to a polyethylene film surface. The prosthesis works by passively generating an electric potential when stimulated by light. However, the neurophysiological mechanism of how OUReP stimulates the degenerated retina is unknown.
Main results: Here, we explore how the OUReP affects retinal tissues using a finite element model to solve for the potential inside the tissue and an active Hodgkin-Huxley model based on rat vision to predict the corresponding retinal bipolar response.
Significance: We show that the OUReP is likely capable of eliciting responses in retinal bipolar cells necessary to generate vision under most ambient conditions.
Chitosan-Functionalized Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanofibrous Membrane for Sustainable On-Demand Oil-Water Separation
The preservation of marine ecosystems is one of the most severe challenges at present. In particular, oil-water separation from oil spills and oily wastewater is important. For this reason, a low-cost, effective, and sustainable polymeric solution is in high demand. In this work, a controlled-wettability membrane for selective separation of oil-water mixtures and emulsions is developed. The nanofibrous membrane is prepared via a facile and cost-effective electrospinning technique using environmentally sustainable materials, such as recycled polyethylene terephthalate and chitosan.
The effect of different concentrations of chitosan on the morphology, chemical composition, mechanical properties, wettability, and separation performance of the membrane is evaluated. The membranes exhibited underoil superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic behavior, which is essential to perform the selective separation. In fact, the designed filter has competitive antifouling properties (oil intrusion pressure > 45 kPa) and showed high heavy- and light-oil/water separation efficiencies (>95%) both for emulsions and immiscible mixtures.
In vitro bio-interaction responses and hemocompatibility of Nano-based Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Polymer Embedded with Heterogeneous TiO 2/ZnO Nanocomposites for biomedical applications
An innovative nano-base polymer that scavenges radicals and reactive oxygen species exhibits potential antibacterial properties, which are crucial in the biomedical field, particularly in reducing nosocomial infections. However, the safety of this nano-based polymer, which has direct contact with the human system, has not been fully understood. The present study investigated the cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility responses of linear low-density polyethylene polymer (LLDPE) embedded with difference ratios of heterogeneous TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites.
Exposure of the blood and fibroblast cells to LLDPE/100Z and LLDPE/25T75Z/10% nanocomposite films for 48 and 72 h decreased their viability by less than 40%, compared with LLDPE, LLDPE/100T and LLDPE/25T75Z/5% nanocomposite films. It also presented possible cellular damage and cytotoxicity, which was supported by the findings from the significant release of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) profiles and cell survival assay Further observation using an electron microscope revealed that LLDPE films with heterogeneous 25T75Z/5% promoted cell adhesion.
Moreover, no hemolysis was detected in all ratios of heterogeneous TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite in LLDPE film as it was less than 0.2%, suggesting that these materials were hemocompatible. This study on LLDPE film with heterogeneous TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites demonstrated favorable biocompatible properties that were significant for advanced biomedical polymer application in a hospital setting.
Synthesis of novel polymeric nanoparticles (methoxy-polyethylene glycol-chitosan/hyaluronic acid) containing 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin for colon cancer therapy: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo investigation
- The goal of the current study was to target 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) orally to colon tumours by synthesizing a targeting polymer. To achieve the optimum delivery for SN38, initially methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG)-chitosan was synthesized and then nanoparticles were developed through ionic gelation between mPEG-chitosan and hyaluronic acid as a ligand for cell-surface glycoprotein CD44 receptor.
- The SN38 was loaded in nanoparticles (SN38-NPs) using the non-covalent physical adsorption method. The size of the optimized SN38-NPs was 226.7 nm, encapsulation efficiency was 89.23% and drug content was 7.98 ± 0.54% in the optimum formulation. The attachment of mPEG to chitosan was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance.
- The results of differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transforms infra-red analysis indicated that SN38 existed in amorphous form and functional groups of SN38 protected in the formulations which could be a sign of suitable encapsulation of SN38 in SN38-NPs. In vitro study indicated that SN38-NPs were more potent against the cancer cells than free SN38.
- The cellular uptake of SN38-NPs improved up to 1.6-fold against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Moreover, SN38-NPs remarkably demonstrated superior anti-tumor efficacy in contrary to pure SN38. This suggests the advantage of SN38-NPs as a potent oral drug carrier which could be further explored for clinical investigations.
In-Plane Shear Strength of Single-Lap Co-Cured Joints of Self-Reinforced Polyethylene Composites
The present study introduces the analysis of single-lap co-cured joints of thermoplastic self-reinforced composites made with reprocessed low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and reinforced by ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers, along with a micromechanical analysis of its constituents. A set of optimal processing conditions for manufacturing these joints by hot-press is proposed through a design of experiment using the response surface method to maximize their in-plane shear strength by carrying tensile tests on co-cured tapes.
Optimal processing conditions were found at 1 bar, 115 °C, and 300 s, yielding joints with 6.88 MPa of shear strength. The shear failure is generally preceded by multiple debonding-induced longitudinal cracks both inside and outside the joint due to accumulated transversal stress. This composite demonstrated to be an interesting structural material to be more widely applied in industry, possessing extremely elevated specific mechanical properties, progressive damage of co-cured joints (thus avoiding unannounced catastrophic failures) and ultimate recyclability.
