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tables on diffusion, chemical resistance and mechanical retention properties
 
# tables
Below you will find several tables (click the tabs) on diffusion, solubility, permeability, chemical resistance and mechanical retention of some commonly used polymers and metals. This selection is based on interesting and popular threads on the forum. If you are interested in an industrial application of the tabled figures, you might take a look at cases.

Conditions
System Temperature:
25 degrees Celsius
System Pressure:
1 Bar
Activity of Permeant
100%
 
Material
Permeant
Solubility
D0*
D|**
Permeability
[-]
[-]
m3stp / m3 x bar
m2/ s
m2/ s
[m3stp / m3] x [m2 / s]
gram / m s
Epoxy Resin
H2
0.1
1 10-11
1 10-11
1 10-12
9 10-11
             

Butyl Rubber
(Poly Isobutylene)
CO2
0.67
5.8 10-12
5.8 10-12
3.9 10-12
7.9 10-9
O2
0.12
8.1 10-12
8.1 10-12
9.7 10-13
1.4 10-9
N2
0.054
4.5 10-12
4.5 10-12
2.4 10-13
3.0 10-10
H2
0.035
1.5 10-10
1.5 10-10
5.3 10-12
4.7 10-10
             

PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate) ~100% crystalline
CO2
1.4
5.4 10-14
6 10-14
8 10-14
2 10-10
O2
0.091
5.6 10-13
5.6 10-13
5.1 10-14
7.2 10-11
N2
0.032
1.4 10-13
1.4 10-13
3.6 10-15
4.4 10-12
H2
0.081
8.0 10-12
8.0 10-12
6.4 10-13
5.7 10-11
             
HDPE (High Density Poly Ethylene)
CO2
0.29
1.2 10-11
1.2 10-11
3.5 10-12
6.8 10-9
O2
0.046
1.7 10-11
1.7 10-11
7.8 10-13
1.1 10-9
N2
0.025
9.3 10-12
9.3 10-12
2.3 10-13
2.8 10-10
H2
0.073
2.6 10-11
2.6 10-11
1.9 10-12
1.7 10-10
             
LDPE (Low Density Poly Ethylene)
CO2
0.25
3.7 10-11
3.7 10-11
9.4 10-12
1.8 10-8
O2
0.050
4.6 10-11
4.6 10-11
2.3 10-12
3.2 10-9
N2
0.021
3.2 10-11
3.2 10-11
6.4 10-13
7.9 10-10
H2
0.16
4.7 10-11
4.7 10-11
7.6 10-12
6.8 10-10
             
PP (Poly Propylene)
CO2
0.17
1.4 10-11
1.4 10-11
2.4 10-12
4.7 10-9
O2
0.029
2.5 10-11
2.5 10-11
7.4 10-13
1.0 10-9
             
PC (Poly Carbonate)
CO2
5.0
9.6 10-13
1 10-12
5 10-12
1 10-8
O2
0.36
4.2 10-12
4.2 10-12
1.5 10-12
2.1 10-9
N2
0.077
2.6 10-12
2.6 10-12
2.0 10-13
2.5 10-10
             
PS (Poly Styrene)
CO2
0.80
5.8 10-12
5.8 10-12
4.6 10-12
8.9 10-9
O2
0.15
1.1 10-11
1.1 10-11
1.7 10-12
2.4 10-9
N2
0.021
9.6 10-12
9.6 10-12
2.0 10-13
2.5 10-10
             
PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride)
CO2
0.47
2.5 10-13
2.5 10-13
1.2 10-13
2.4 10-10
O2
0.029
1.2 10-12
1.2 10-12
3.5 10-14
4.9 10-11
N2
0.023
3.8 10-13
3.8 10-13
8.7 10-15
1.1 10-11
H2
0.026
5.0 10-11
5.0 10-11
1.3 10-12
1.2 10-10
*  D0 is the "zero concentration" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
** D| is the "weighted average" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
 
Conditions
System Temperature:
25 degrees Celsius
System Pressure:
1 Bar
Activity of Permeant
100%
 
Material
Permeant
Solubility
D0*
D|**
Permeability
[-]
[-]
m3stp / m3 x bar
m2/ s
m2/ s
[m3stp / m3] x [m2 / s]
gram / m s
99 Al
H2
2 10-8
1 10-11
1 10-11
2 10-19
2 10-17
Fe - 40 Al
H2
5 10-4
4 10-13
4 10-13
2 10-16
2 10-14
Fe - 25 Al
H2
3 10-3
1 10-12
1 10-12
3 10-15
3 10-13
Fe- 18 Al
H2
1 10-1
1 10-11
1 10-11
1 10-12
9 10-11
99 Fe
H2
2 10-1
6 10-9
6 10-9
1 10-9
9 10-8
Stainless Steel (304)
H2
2 10-1
5 10-10
5 10-10
1 10-10
9 10-9

High Strength
Steel (X - 52)

H2
8 10-2
3 10-13
3 10-13
2 10-14
2 10-12
High Strength
Steel (X - 65)
H2
1 10-2
3 10-13
3 10-13
3 10-15
2 10-13
*   D0 is the "zero concentration" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
** D| is the "weighted average" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
 
Process Conditions
System Temperature:
37 degrees Celsius
System Pressure:
1 Bar
Activity of Permeant:
100%
 
Polymer
Permeant
(liquid)
Solubility
(liquid)
D0*

D|**
Permeability
[-]
[-]
m3 / m3
m2 / s
m2 / s
[m3 / m3] x [m2/s]
gram / m s
Thermosets
 
Unsaturated Polyester Resin
100% amorphous
Water
0.011
4 10-12
4 10-12
4 10-14
4 10-8
Methanol
0.12
1 10-13
6 10-13
8 10-14
6 10-8
Toluene
0.21
3 10-15
1 10-13
2 10-14
2 10-8
Gasoline
0.17
5 10-15
8 10-14
1 10-14
1 10-8
             
Novolac Vinyl
Ester Resin
100% amorphous

Water
0.013
1 10-12
1 10-12
1 10-14
1 10-8
Methanol
0.16
4 10-14
5 10-13
8 10-14
6 10-8
Toluene
0.12
1 10-15
6 10-15
7 10-16
6 10-10
Gasoline
0.10
2 10-15
9 10-15
9 10-16
7 10-10
             

Bisphenol-A
Epoxy Resin
100% amorphous

Water
0.015
9 10-13
9 10-13
1 10-14
1 10-8
Methanol
0.16
2 10-14
3 10-13
5 10-14
4 10-8
Toluene
0.15
1 10-15
5 10-15
8 10-16
7 10-10
Gasoline
0.05
1 10-15
2 10-15
1 10-16
9 10-11
Thermoplast
HDPE
77% crystalline

Water
0.0002
1 10-11
1 10-11
2 10-15
2 10-9
Benzene
0.10
7 10-13
9 10-12
1 10-12
9 10-7
Toluene
0.11
6 10-13
1 10-11
1 10-12
1 10-6
Styrene
0.10
4 10-13
5 10-12
6 10-13
5 10-7
Gasoline
0.09
6 10-13
6 10-12
5 10-13
4 10-7
             
*   D0 is the "zero concentration" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
** D| is the "weighted average" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
Process Conditions
System Temperature:
37 degrees Celsius
System Pressure:
1 Bar
Activity of Permeant:
40% and 90%
 
Polymer
Permeant, Activity
Solubility
(vapour)
D0*
D|**
Permeability
[-]
[-],[%]
m3stp /
m3 x bar
m2 / s
m2 / s
[m3stp / m3] x [m2 / s]
gram
/ m s
Thermosets
 
Unsaturated Polyester Resin
Water, 40%
2 102
4 10-12
4 10-12
1 10-11
1 10-8
Water, 90%
2 102
4 10-12
4 10-12
5 10-11
4 10-8
             
Novolac Vinyl Ester Resin
Water, 40%
3 102
1 10-12
1 10-12
5 10-12
4 10-9
Water, 90%
3 102
1 10-12
1 10-12
2 10-11
1 10-8
             
Bisphenol-A Epoxy Resin
Water, 40%
3 102
9 10-13
9 10-13
4 10-12
3 10-9
Water, 90%
3 102
9 10-13
9 10-13
2 10-11
1 10-8
Thermoplasts
High Density Polyethylene
Water, 40%
4
1 10-11
1 10-11
6 10-13
5 10-10
Water, 90%
4
1 10-11
1 10-11
2 10-12
2 10-9
             
Polyamide 6
Water, 40%
1.1 103
5 10-15
1 10-13
3 10-12
2 10-9
Water, 90%
2.8 103
5 10-15
3 10-13
5 10-11
4 10-8
             
Polycarbonate
Water, 40%
3 101
8 10-14
1 10-13
1 10-13
2 10-10
Water, 90%
9 101
8 10-14
2 10-13
1 10-12
1 10-9
*   D0 is the "zero concentration" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted using Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
** D| is the "weighted average" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted using Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
Process Conditions
System Temperature:
37 degrees Celsius
System Pressure:
1 Bar
Activity of Permeant:
100%
 
Polymer
Permeant
Solubility
Swelling

Diffusion*
Permeability
Retention**
[-]
[-]
[vol %]
[vol %]
[m2 / s]
[gram / m s]
[%]
Perform. Polymer + Carb. Fibre (CF)
           
PPS + 65 wt% CF
Water
0.06
0
3 10-12
2 10-9
96
PEEK + 65 wt% CF
Water
0.2
0
1 10-13
2 10-10
95
LQP + 65 wt% CF
Water
          
EPXY + 65 wt% CF
Water
          
PA + 65 wt% CF
Water
          
Cast Thermosets
 
Unsaturated
Polyester
Resin
Water
1.1
~0
4 10-12
4 10-8
90
Methanol
12
8
6 10-13
6 10-8
81
Toluene
21
18
1 10-13
2 10-8
70
Gasoline
17
14
8 10-14
1 10-8
74
             
Novolac Vinyl
Ester Resin
Water
1.3
~0
1 10-12
1 10-8
95
Methanol
16
13
5 10-13
6 10-8
80
Toluene
12
10
6 10-15
6 10-10
83
Gasoline
10
8
9 10-15
7 10-10
86
             
Bisphenol-A
Epoxy Resin
Water
1.5
~0
9 10-13
1 10-8
97
Methanol
16
13
3 10-13
4 10-8
82
Toluene
15
13
5 10-15
7 10-10
75
Gasoline
5
3
2 10-15
9 10-11
92
Cast Thermoplast
  
HDPE
Water
0.02
0
1 10-11
2 10-9
99
Benzene
10
~1
9 10-12
9 10-7
92
Toluene
11
2
1 10-11
1 10-6
89
Styrene
10
1
5 10-12
5 10-7
91
Gasoline
9
~0
6 10-12
4 10-7
93
             
* The diffusion coefficient is the "weighted average" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
** E modulus strength retention after 6 months of exposure [sample thickness 400 micrometer].
For materials that show slow chemical degradation the retention does not become stationary. Please contact us for more information.
Solubility Parameters
Conditions & Legend Temperature: 25 degrees Celsius δt = total parameter
δd = dispersion component
δp = polar component
δh = H-bond component
  Pressure: 1 Bar
 
Polymer
δ (MPA0.5)
δd (MPA0.5)
δp (MPA0.5)
δh (MPA0.5)
Poly Tetra Fluor Ethylene (PTFE)
16.7
16.2
1.8
3.4
Poly Propylene (PP)
18.0
18.0
0.0
1.0
Poly Ethylene (PE)
18.1
18.0
0.0
2.0
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET)
20.0
18.0
6.2
6.2
Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVAC)
20.5
15.2
11.5
7.6
Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
21.4
18.2
7.5
8.3
Poly Styrene (PS)
22.7
18.6
10.5
7.5
Epoxy Resin*
26.3
20.4
12.0
11.5
Poly Vinyl Alcohol (EVOH)
29.3
17.8
6.6
22.3
Poly Amide (PA 66)
30.9
16.0
11.0
24.0
Poly Imide
38.9
28.8
20.0
16.8
 
Permeant (GAS)
δ (MPA0.5)
δd (MPA0.5)
δp (MPA0.5)
δh (MPA0.5)
Helium
3.3
3.3
0.0
0.0
Hydrogen
7.8
7.8
0.0
0.0
Nitrogen
5.1
5.1
0.0
0.0
Methane
9.2
9.2
0.0
0.0
Carbon Dioxide
15.1
11.2
7.2
7.2
 
Permeant (LIQUID)
δ (MPA0.5)
δd (MPA0.5)
δp (MPA0.5)
δh (MPA0.5)
n-Butane
14.1
14.1
0.0
0.0
n-Pentane
14.5
14.5
0.0
0.0
Toluene
18.2
18.0
1.4
2.0
Benzene
18.6
18.4
0.0
2.0
Styrene
19.0
18.6
1.0
1.4
Acetone
20.0
15.5
10.4
7.0
Ethanol
26.5
15.8
8.8
19.4
Methanol
29.6
15.1
12.3
22.3
Ethylene Glycerol
32.9
17.0
11.0
26.0
Glycerol
36.1
17.4
12.1
29.3
Water
47.8
15.6
16.0
42.3
* Composed of Epichlorohydrin, Bisphenol-A and crosslinked by Aliphatic Amines.
Reference: J.H. Hildebrand, J.M. Prausnitz and R.L. Scott. Regular and Related Solutions.
Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, 1970.
 
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