| |
|
Process Conditions |
System Temperature: |
37 degrees Celsius |
| System Pressure: |
1 Bar |
| Activity of Permeant: |
100% |
| Problem with the SI units? Use the unit converter. |
Polymer |
Permeant
(liquid) |
Solubility
(liquid) |
D0* |
|
Permeability
|
[-] |
[-] |
m3 / m3 |
m2 / s |
m2 / s |
[m3 / m3] x [m2/s] |
gram / m s |
Thermosets |
|
Unsaturated Polyester Resin
100% amorphous
|
Water |
0.011 |
4 10-12 |
4 10-12 |
4 10-14 |
4 10-8 |
Methanol |
0.12 |
1 10-13 |
6 10-13 |
8 10-14 |
6 10-8 |
Toluene |
0.21 |
3 10-15 |
1 10-13 |
2 10-14 |
2 10-8 |
Gasoline |
0.17 |
5 10-15 |
8 10-14 |
1 10-14 |
1 10-8 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Novolac Vinyl
Ester Resin
100% amorphous
|
Water |
0.013 |
1 10-12 |
1 10-12 |
1 10-14 |
1 10-8 |
Methanol |
0.16 |
4 10-14 |
5 10-13 |
8 10-14 |
6 10-8 |
Toluene |
0.12 |
1 10-15 |
6 10-15 |
7 10-16 |
6 10-10 |
Gasoline |
0.10 |
2 10-15 |
9 10-15 |
9 10-16 |
7 10-10 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bisphenol-A
Epoxy Resin
100% amorphous
|
Water |
0.015 |
9 10-13 |
9 10-13 |
1 10-14 |
1 10-8 |
Methanol |
0.16 |
2 10-14 |
3 10-13 |
5 10-14 |
4 10-8 |
Toluene |
0.15 |
1 10-15 |
5 10-15 |
8 10-16 |
7 10-10 |
Gasoline |
0.05 |
1 10-15 |
2 10-15 |
1 10-16 |
9 10-11 |
Thermoplast |
|
HDPE
77% crystalline
|
Water |
0.0002 |
1 10-11 |
1 10-11 |
2 10-15 |
2 10-9 |
Benzene |
0.10 |
7 10-13 |
9 10-12 |
1 10-12 |
9 10-7 |
Toluene |
0.11 |
6 10-13 |
1 10-11 |
1 10-12 |
1 10-6 |
Styrene |
0.10 |
4 10-13 |
5 10-12 |
6 10-13 |
5 10-7 |
Gasoline |
0.09 |
6 10-13 |
6 10-12 |
5 10-13 |
4 10-7 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* D0 is the "zero concentration" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
** D| is the "weighted average" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws. |
Process Conditions |
System Temperature: |
37 degrees Celsius |
| System Pressure: |
1 Bar |
| Activity of Permeant: |
40% and 90% |
| Problem with the SI units? Use the unit converter. |
Polymer |
Permeant, Activity
|
Solubility
(vapour) |
D0* |
D|** |
Permeability
|
[-] |
[-],[%] |
m3stp /
m3 x bar |
m2 / s |
m2 / s |
[m3stp / m3] x [m2 / s] |
gram
/ m s |
Thermosets |
|
Unsaturated Polyester Resin
|
Water, 40% |
2 102 |
4 10-12 |
4 10-12 |
1 10-11 |
1 10-8 |
Water, 90% |
2 102 |
4 10-12 |
4 10-12 |
5 10-11 |
4 10-8 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Novolac Vinyl Ester Resin
|
Water, 40% |
3 102 |
1 10-12 |
1 10-12 |
5 10-12 |
4 10-9 |
Water, 90% |
3 102 |
1 10-12 |
1 10-12 |
2 10-11 |
1 10-8 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bisphenol-A Epoxy Resin
|
Water, 40% |
3 102 |
9 10-13 |
9 10-13 |
4 10-12 |
3 10-9 |
Water, 90% |
3 102 |
9 10-13 |
9 10-13 |
2 10-11 |
1 10-8 |
Thermoplasts |
|
High Density Polyethylene
|
Water, 40% |
4 |
1 10-11 |
1 10-11 |
9 10-13 |
8 10-10 |
Water, 90% |
4 |
1 10-11 |
1 10-11 |
2 10-12 |
2 10-9 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polyamide 6 |
Water, 40% |
1.1 103 |
5 10-15 |
1 10-13 |
3 10-12 |
2 10-9 |
Water, 90% |
2.8 103 |
5 10-15 |
3 10-13 |
5 10-11 |
4 10-8 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polycarbonate |
Water, 40% |
3 101 |
8 10-14 |
1 10-13 |
1 10-13 |
2 10-10 |
Water, 90% |
9 101 |
8 10-14 |
|
1 10-12 |
1 10-9 |
| * D0 is the "zero concentration" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted using Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
** D| is the "weighted average" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted using Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws. |
Process Conditions |
System Temperature: |
37 degrees Celsius |
| System Pressure: |
1 Bar |
| Activity of Permeant: |
100% |
| Problem with the SI units? Use the unit converter. |
Polymer |
Permeant
|
Solubility
|
Swelling |
Diffusion*
|
Permeability |
Retention** |
[-] |
[-] |
[vol %] |
[vol %] |
[m2 / s] |
[gram / m s] |
[%] |
Perform. Polymer + Carb. Fibre (CF) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PPS + 65 wt% CF |
Water |
0.06 |
0 |
3 10-12 |
2 10-9 |
96 |
PEEK + 65 wt% CF |
Water |
0.2 |
0 |
1 10-13 |
2 10-10 |
95 |
LQP + 65 wt% CF |
Water |
0.02 |
0 |
5 10-14 |
2 10-11 |
99 |
EPOXY + 65 wt% CF |
Water |
0.65 |
0.40 |
9 10-13 |
6 10-9 |
96 |
PA + 65 wt% CF |
Water |
10 |
9 |
9 10-13 |
9 10-8 |
74 |
Cast Thermosets |
|
Unsaturated
Polyester
Resin
|
Water |
1.1 |
~0 |
4 10-12 |
4 10-8 |
90 |
Methanol |
12 |
8 |
6 10-13 |
6 10-8 |
81 |
Toluene |
21 |
18 |
1 10-13 |
2 10-8 |
70 |
Gasoline |
17 |
14 |
8 10-14 |
1 10-8 |
74 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Novolac Vinyl
Ester Resin
|
Water |
1.3 |
~0 |
1 10-12 |
1 10-8 |
95 |
Methanol |
16 |
13 |
5 10-13 |
6 10-8 |
80 |
Toluene |
12 |
10 |
6 10-15 |
6 10-10 |
83 |
Gasoline |
10 |
8 |
9 10-15 |
7 10-10 |
86 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bisphenol-A
Epoxy Resin
|
Water |
1.5 |
~0 |
9 10-13 |
1 10-8 |
97 |
Methanol |
16 |
13 |
3 10-13 |
4 10-8 |
82 |
Toluene |
15 |
13 |
5 10-15 |
7 10-10 |
75 |
Gasoline |
5 |
3 |
2 10-15 |
9 10-11 |
92 |
Cast Thermoplast |
|
HDPE
|
Water |
0.02 |
0 |
1 10-11 |
2 10-9 |
99 |
Benzene |
10 |
~1 |
9 10-12 |
9 10-7 |
92 |
Toluene |
11 |
2 |
1 10-11 |
1 10-6 |
89 |
Styrene |
10 |
1 |
5 10-12 |
5 10-7 |
91 |
Gasoline |
9 |
~0 |
6 10-12 |
4 10-7 |
93 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* The diffusion coefficient is the "weighted average" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
** E modulus strength retention after 6 months of exposure [sample thickness 400 micrometer].
For materials that show slow chemical degradation the retention does not become stationary.
Please contact us for more information. |
Conditions |
System Temperature: |
25 degrees Celsius |
| System Pressure: |
1 Bar |
| Activity of Permeant |
100% |
| Problem with the SI units? Use the unit converter. |
Material |
Permeant |
Solubility |
D0* |
D|** |
Permeability |
[-] |
[-] |
m3stp / m3 x bar |
m2/ s |
m2/ s |
[m3stp / m3] x [m2 / s] |
gram / m s |
Epoxy Resin |
H2 |
0.1 |
1 10-11 |
1 10-11 |
1 10-12 |
9 10-11 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Butyl Rubber
(Poly Isobutylene)
|
CO2 |
0.67 |
5.8 10-12 |
5.8 10-12 |
3.9 10-12 |
7.9 10-9 |
O2 |
0.12 |
8.1 10-12 |
8.1 10-12 |
9.7 10-13 |
1.4 10-9 |
N2 |
0.054 |
4.5 10-12 |
4.5 10-12 |
2.4 10-13 |
3.0 10-10 |
H2 |
0.035 |
1.5 10-10 |
1.5 10-10 |
5.3 10-12 |
4.7 10-10 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate) ~100% crystalline
|
CO2 |
1.4 |
5.4 10-14 |
6 10-14 |
8 10-14 |
2 10-10 |
O2 |
0.091 |
5.6 10-13 |
5.6 10-13 |
5.1 10-14 |
7.2 10-11 |
N2 |
0.032 |
1.4 10-13 |
1.4 10-13 |
3.6 10-15 |
4.4 10-12 |
H2 |
0.081 |
8.0 10-12 |
8.0 10-12 |
6.4 10-13 |
5.7 10-11 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HDPE (High Density Poly Ethylene) |
CO2 |
0.29 |
1.2 10-11 |
1.2 10-11 |
3.5 10-12 |
6.8 10-9 |
O2 |
0.046 |
1.7 10-11 |
1.7 10-11 |
7.8 10-13 |
1.1 10-9 |
N2 |
0.025 |
9.3 10-12 |
9.3 10-12 |
2.3 10-13 |
2.8 10-10 |
H2 |
0.073 |
2.6 10-11 |
2.6 10-11 |
1.9 10-12 |
1.7 10-10 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LDPE (Low Density Poly Ethylene) |
CO2 |
0.25 |
3.7 10-11 |
3.7 10-11 |
9.4 10-12 |
1.8 10-8 |
O2 |
0.050 |
4.6 10-11 |
4.6 10-11 |
2.3 10-12 |
3.2 10-9 |
N2 |
0.021 |
3.2 10-11 |
3.2 10-11 |
6.4 10-13 |
7.9 10-10 |
H2 |
0.16 |
4.7 10-11 |
4.7 10-11 |
7.6 10-12 |
6.8 10-10 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| PP (Poly Propylene) |
CO2 |
0.17 |
1.4 10-11 |
1.4 10-11 |
2.4 10-12 |
4.7 10-9 |
O2 |
0.029 |
2.5 10-11 |
2.5 10-11 |
7.4 10-13 |
1.0 10-9 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC (Poly Carbonate) |
CO2 |
5.0 |
9.6 10-13 |
1 10-12 |
5 10-12 |
1 10-8 |
O2 |
0.36 |
4.2 10-12 |
4.2 10-12 |
1.5 10-12 |
2.1 10-9 |
N2 |
0.077 |
2.6 10-12 |
2.6 10-12 |
2.0 10-13 |
2.5 10-10 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PS (Poly Styrene) |
CO2 |
0.80 |
5.8 10-12 |
5.8 10-12 |
4.6 10-12 |
8.9 10-9 |
O2 |
0.15 |
1.1 10-11 |
1.1 10-11 |
1.7 10-12 |
2.4 10-9 |
N2 |
0.021 |
9.6 10-12 |
9.6 10-12 |
2.0 10-13 |
2.5 10-10 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) |
CO2 |
0.47 |
2.5 10-13 |
2.5 10-13 |
1.2 10-13 |
2.4 10-10 |
O2 |
0.029 |
1.2 10-12 |
1.2 10-12 |
3.5 10-14 |
4.9 10-11 |
N2 |
0.023 |
3.8 10-13 |
3.8 10-13 |
8.7 10-15 |
1.1 10-11 |
H2 |
0.026 |
5.0 10-11 |
5.0 10-11 |
1.3 10-12 |
1.2 10-10 |
* D0 is the "zero concentration" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
** D| is the "weighted average" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
|
Conditions |
System Temperature: |
25 degrees Celsius |
| System Pressure: |
1 Bar |
| Activity of Permeant |
100% |
| Problem with the SI units? Use the unit converter. |
Material |
Permeant |
Solubility |
D0* |
D|** |
Permeability |
[-] |
[-] |
m3stp / m3 x bar |
m2/ s |
m2/ s |
[m3stp / m3] x [m2 / s] |
gram / m s |
99 Al |
H2 |
2 10-8 |
1 10-11 |
1 10-11 |
2 10-19 |
2 10-17 |
Fe - 40 Al |
H2 |
5 10-4 |
4 10-13 |
4 10-13 |
2 10-16 |
2 10-14 |
Fe - 25 Al |
H2 |
3 10-3 |
1 10-12 |
1 10-12 |
3 10-15 |
3 10-13 |
| Fe- 18 Al |
H2 |
1 10-1 |
1 10-11 |
1 10-11 |
1 10-12 |
9 10-11 |
99 Fe |
H2 |
2 10-1 |
6 10-9 |
6 10-9 |
1 10-9 |
9 10-8 |
Stainless Steel (304) |
H2 |
2 10-1 |
5 10-10 |
5 10-10 |
1 10-10 |
9 10-9 |
High Strength
Steel
(X - 52)
|
H2 |
8 10-2 |
3 10-13 |
3 10-13 |
2 10-14 |
2 10-12 |
High Strength
Steel
(X - 65) |
H2 |
1 10-2 |
3 10-13 |
3 10-13 |
3 10-15 |
2 10-13 |
* D0 is the "zero concentration" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
** D| is the "weighted average" mutual diffusion coefficient interpreted on basis of Fick's 1st & 2nd Laws.
|
| Solubility Parameters |
| Conditions & Legend |
Temperature: 25 degrees Celsius |
δt = total parameter
δd = dispersion component
δp = polar component
δh = H-bond component |
| |
Pressure: 1 Bar |
| Problem with the SI units? Use the unit converter. |
| Polymer |
δ (MPA0.5) |
δd (MPA0.5) |
δp (MPA0.5) |
δh (MPA0.5) |
| Poly Tetra Fluor Ethylene (PTFE) |
16.7 |
16.2 |
1.8 |
3.4 |
| Poly Propylene (PP) |
18.0 |
18.0 |
0.0 |
1.0 |
| Poly Ethylene (PE) |
18.1 |
18.0 |
0.0 |
2.0 |
| Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) |
20.0 |
18.0 |
6.2 |
6.2 |
| Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVAC) |
20.5 |
15.2 |
11.5 |
7.6 |
| Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) |
21.4 |
18.2 |
7.5 |
8.3 |
| Poly Styrene (PS) |
22.7 |
18.6 |
10.5 |
7.5 |
| Epoxy Resin* |
26.3 |
20.4 |
12.0 |
11.5 |
| Poly Vinyl Alcohol (EVOH) |
29.3 |
17.8 |
6.6 |
22.3 |
| Poly Amide (PA 66) |
30.9 |
16.0 |
11.0 |
24.0 |
| Poly Imide |
38.9 |
28.8 |
20.0 |
16.8 |
|
|
| Permeant (GAS) |
δ (MPA0.5) |
δd (MPA0.5) |
δp (MPA0.5) |
δh (MPA0.5) |
| Helium |
3.3 |
3.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Hydrogen |
7.8 |
7.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Nitrogen |
5.1 |
5.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Methane |
9.2 |
9.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Carbon Dioxide |
15.1 |
11.2 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
|
|
| Permeant (LIQUID) |
δ (MPA0.5) |
δd (MPA0.5) |
δp (MPA0.5) |
δh (MPA0.5) |
| n-Butane |
14.1 |
14.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| n-Pentane |
14.5 |
14.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Toluene |
18.2 |
18.0 |
1.4 |
2.0 |
| Benzene |
18.6 |
18.4 |
0.0 |
2.0 |
| Styrene |
19.0 |
18.6 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
| Acetone |
20.0 |
15.5 |
10.4 |
7.0 |
| Ethanol |
26.5 |
15.8 |
8.8 |
19.4 |
| Methanol |
29.6 |
15.1 |
12.3 |
22.3 |
| Ethylene Glycerol |
32.9 |
17.0 |
11.0 |
26.0 |
| Glycerol |
36.1 |
17.4 |
12.1 |
29.3 |
| Water |
47.8 |
15.6 |
16.0 |
42.3 |
| |
* Composed of Epichlorohydrin, Bisphenol-A and crosslinked by Aliphatic Amines.
Reference: J.H. Hildebrand, J.M. Prausnitz and R.L. Scott. Regular and Related Solutions.
Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, 1970. |
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