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19 Jun 09 IDC-SAC Beta - More Advanced Composites Simulation
  A Beta version of the Instationary Diffusion & Corrosion Simulator (IDC-SAC) is under way! IDC-SAC is our unique integrated diffusion - chemical - mechanical prediction tool for polymer based materials.

The new standard version will be using Sanchez - Lacombe - a more extensive lattice based model - equation of state for prediction of solubility thermodynamics of sub- and supercritical chemicals in polymers, coatings and composites. In combination with existing free volume and Maxwell-Stefan based diffusion calculations, mass transfer and degradation mechanism can be predicted more rigorously.

Secondly, the machine routines for multilayer diffusion and mechanical retention calculations have been made more efficient: concentration profiles, time lags, etc. can be derived and graphed much faster.

Last but not least: the interface with data obtained from laboratory experiments has been improved. For example continious measurement data from ASTM E96 test, Mocon test equipment, Dynamic Vapour Sorption tests, or stress and strain test data can be imported straight forward and fitted to the advanced models.
27 May09  Lelystad windmill rotor blade is flying high... (and it happened before)
 

By a miracle no one was injured after the end of the afternoon a wing of a windmill broke off and landed on the motorway A6. The rotor blade that broke from the windmill belongs to a series along the highway near the Flevo power station. The colossus of 20 meters came onto the right lane of the motorway A6. The age of the NUON blade is around 12 years.

You probably wonder whether something similar has happened before. Yes, it did, and quite nearby, in the Netherlands (for the dutch readers follow this link: Article Webregio.nl). Please contact us for similar cases.

a6 windmolen breekt af rotor blade a6 lelystad
Windmill rotor blade at the A6 motorway, Lelystad, The Netherlands.

24 Apr 09 Composite Analysis: Making New Choices
  In March 2009 Pamela Waterman published an interesting article "Composite Analyis: Making New Choices: An Engineering Design Guide to Choosing Software for Working with Today's Composite Materials" on Desktop Engineering Online.

Click here to read the overview article (please note the various links at the footer of the article).
20 Apr 09 Diffusion consideration regarding flexible solar cell substrates
 Water vapour condensation on - and diffusive transport in - thin polymer based flexible solar cell films can give rise to several physical-chemical failure modes, such as swelling stresses on interfaces, reduced impact resistance (Tg depression), blister formation driven by osmotic pressure or chemical degradation of another laminate component.

In this in-house project, properties of transparent Polyimide substrates are researched, with the objective to enhance lifetime and to increase solar cell efficiency. Among others, the high glass transition temperature, low free volume and excellent UV resistance, make Polyimide an attractive concept material for flexible thin film solar cells. However, in real life circumstances, water and oxygen mass diffusion must be evaluated rigorously for sake of solar cell (photovoltaics) lifetime predictions and proper design of accelerated laboratory tests.

Composite Agency uses IDC-SAC and Abaqus (impact) for modelling, Dynamic Vapour Sorption and several Peel/Pull test set-ups for validation and assessment of accelerated weathering service life analysis solutions. Do not hesistate to contact us for more information regarding this solar cell initiative of Composite Agency.
16 Apr 09 5th Int. Conference on Diffusion in Solids and Liquids
  During June 24-26 the 5th Internatial Conference on Diffusion in Solids and Liquids, Mass and Heat Transfer, Diffusion in Nano and Nanostructured Materials will be held in Rome-Italy.

With regard to Mass Transfer the following topics are discussed: Basics of diffusion, Carburisation and Nitridation, Internal precipitation, Alloy heat treatment, Particle growth and coarsening, Microstructural and crystallographic texture evolution, Reactive diffusion,Phase transformations, Multiphase diffusion systems, Microelectronic and nanoscale systems, Interfaces, Diffusion in crystalline & amorphous materials, Diffusion in ultrafine grain & nanocrystalline materials, Diffusion in porous media,Surface oxidation and corrosion, Phase diagrams, Ad- and ab-sorption, Diffusion coefficients, Solute trapping at solid liquid interfaces, Mathematical modelling,Numerical methods, Experimental methods and Industrial applications.

Regarding Nanodiffusion and Nanostructured Materials: Nanomaterials, Nanocomposites, Biomaterials, Industrial applications.

Regarding Microstructure & Properties: Mathematical modelling, Numerical methods, Experimental methods and Industrial applications.

Concerning Heat Transfer: Mathematical modelling, Numerical methods, Experimental methods and Industrial applications.

Composite Agency is looking forward to meeting you on this ultimate conference for everyone directly or indirectly involved in diffusion phenomena.

More information at DSL 2009 Website.
11 Mar 09 Brand new physical - chemical unit converter
  Do you have to perform a quick permeability or another physical - chemical oriented calculation? Are you on a congress and wondering why the presenter is so enthusiastic about the results, while you and your colleague are unable to quickly interpret the units he / she is showing to you?

No problem from now on, use our brand new online unit converter!
Click here to activate. Good luck.
09 Feb 09 Upgraded Newsletter
  The newsletter contains brand new industrial case studies and hot topic discussion updates selected by experts. To sign in, enter your e-mail address and press the "subscribe" button.
Note that the letter is free of any obligation and that your e-mail address is treated strictly confidentially.
07 Jan 09 The Power of GFRP Lifetime Simulation!
 
What is the lifetime of a Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) laminate for containment purposes exposed to an alkaline solution with pH 14? Seemingly a trivial question, because this FRP product exists already more than 50 years. However, lack of computing capacity (FEA and FDA) in the near past still makes this question actual.

Problem is that glass fibres are degraded by Sodium Hydroxide on the long run. But is this an issue if the Sodium Hydroxide is strongly diffusion hindered by a boundary of corrosion resistant resin? Currently, we are simulating the diffusion of a Sodium Hydroxide solution through the FRP laminate. The multilayer laminate consists of a 100% Vinyl Ester (VE) resin boundary layer and a second layer containing glass fibres (55 vol%, E-glass) and VE resin (45 vol%).

Computer simulations reveal that the lifetime is strongly dependent on the thickness of the boundary layer, the thickness of the second layer and the degree of Alkalinity. If the boundary layer has a thickness of 50 micrometer, and the second layer is 3000 micrometer thick, the lifetime already exceeds a 40 years at ambient temperature and pressure. At pH 12, the service life is even more than 100 years. Key factors are proper shielding of the glass fibres by boundary resin and low temperature (25 degrees Celsius) to prevent capillary uptake and swelling phenomena.

Note that in many accelerated laboratory testing set-ups, the temperature is increased. In our case, this would unjustly introduce swelling strain on the fibre matrix interface, generating lifetimes magnitudes shorter than the ones obtained here.
21 Oct 08 Why Fick's laws give wrong answers in Electronics
 

It is widely recognized that shelf and service life of various polymer based electronic equipment is largely dependent on UV resistance and diffusion barrier properties. Examples are light / video displays and solar cell components.

Nevertheless, diffusion analysis is usually carried out using the layman's equations: Fick's Laws. In addition and paradoxally, current use of FEA simulation software is leading to an increasing use of Fick's laws in all kinds of - in itself state-of-the-art - simulations. This is probably due to the often suggested plain analogy between FEA computed Fourier equations for heat transport, and Fick's Law for diffusion. However in our opinion, this analogy between Fourier and Fick is only valid in 1% of the industrial simulations, at least when polymer based materials are involved.

In this new case study "Evaluation of Transparent Polyimide for Flexible Solar Cell Substrates", it is shown that already small deviations from Fick's laws result in fundamental material decisions.

25 Sep 08 DOT Offshore Symposium - The Netherlands
  Date: 3 October 2008
Location: Aula Congress Centre - Delft University of Technology

Composite Agency is pleased to inform you on the Offshore Symposium organized by the Offshore Engineering Student Association DOT. Presentations include topics by reputable experts on Deep Sea Installations, Offshore Production of Stranded a Natural Gas resources that are currently not used for economic/technical reasons Gas, Wind Turbines Installation Offshore, Carbon Dioxide Storage Opportunities, etc.

website: www.dot.tudelft.nl.

12 Aug 08 Workshop on Gas & Moisture Permeability in High Barrier Films
 

You may be interested in participating in a one-day workshop organised by the IOP Printing and Graphics Science Group and the UK Displays and Lighting Network:

Gas and Moisture Permeation Measurement for High Barrier Films
at Institute of Physics, London
on Thursday 25th September 2008

There are many instances where flexible films are being used because of their conformal nature or transparency. While many materials provide near ideal optical and mechanical properties, their barrier and chemical resistance properties often need to be improved to provide useable service life. For example in plastic electronics, many of the promises of flexible plastic Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) and Photovoltaics (PV) can only be realised by having a substrate with superior barrier properties. This raises the issue of barrier measurement since any measurement systems needs to have at least 1 order of magnitude better resolution than the barrier properties being measured.

This joint workshop aims to improve understanding in the area of barriers and their measurement. It will be of interest to scientists developing barrier layers for films, and using or improving permeability testing equipment.

The meeting will include presentations from:
* Holgor Norenberg, Technolox
* Hazel Assender, University of Oxford
* Stephane Cros, CEA, France
* Sharon Louch, CPI
* Jasper Michels, Holst Centre, The Netherlands
* Sijmon van der Wal, Composite Agency, The Netherlands (see abstract below)

For details regarding the event (including a form to register online) please see the workshop web page, or contact Eifion Jewell of UKDL at eifion@ukdisplaylighting.net

01 May 08 Munich - 6,7,8 May 2008
  Composite Agency is present on Composite & Lightweight Structures in Aircraft - Design and Manufacturing - more
18 Mar 08 Diffusion - Mechanical Case
  Our latest case study on a Glass Reinforced Liner on top of a High Strength Steel Pipeline structure for Hydrogen transport, can be found here.
02 Feb 08 JEC Composites - France
  Our latest software on lifetime predictions of reinforced and multilayer materials will be presented at JEC 2008 - Forum for Building & Construction, on the 2nd of April 2008 in Paris. Click here to download the preliminary version. Click here to go to the JEC Composites 2008 website.
31 Dec 07 Happy & Prosperous 2008!
  Via this special video we would like to wish you a happy & prosperous 2008!
12 Nov 07 Composites Engineering
  We have been active in material selection for automotive applications since 2003. For the subsequent stages of composite implementation, such as manufacturing, assembly, visit our partner site at: composites engineering.
11 Oct 07 CentrAL Aerospace
  The successor of Glare is on it's way to space: CentrAL. CentrAL is an aerospace material from the Fibre-Metal-Laminate (FML) class: a lightweight Aluminum - Glass Fibre - Epoxy composite. CenrAL exhibits good ageing characteristics, mainly because of its intrinsic capability to stop impact or ageing crack growth before reaching the critical (Griffith) crack size. Compared to carbon-epoxy composites, mechanical strength under continuous load from torsion, tensile and flexural stress of CentrAL is better. However, the interfacial behaviour of fibre-metal-laminates when exposed to atmospheric water in varying environmental conditions is very probably less than carbon - epoxy composites.
08 Aug 2007 Hydrogen in Composites
  Effective storage and transport materials for Hydrogen are essential in the near future. In this case a multilayer Aluminium - Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) composite is discussed using advanced simulation prg.'s. Click here to download.
17 July 08 International Elastomer Seminar 2007
  The 11th International Elastomer Seminar 2007 will be held in Freiburg , Germany from 23 until 27 September 2007. Among other subjects, ageing, fatigue and lifetime of composite elastomers will be discussed. More information on the website of dkg-rubber.de
02 Apr 2007 Self Healing Materials
  The first international conference on self healing materials will be held on 18-20 April 2007 in Noordwijk, the Netherlands. Visit website to learn more.
01 Mar 07 CDCC 2007 - Canada
  We will present our most up to date programmes on life time assessment on the Third International Conference on Durability & Field Applications of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Construction. Details: 22-24 May 2007, Loews Le Concorde Hotel, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Click here for more info. [Archive] paper
01 Jan 07 New Trading Name: COMPOSITE AGENCY
  We introduced a new trading name: Composite Agency. This new name better covers our current activities: independent advice regarding polymer (based) materials. Diffusion-polymers, a name that goes back to our origins - the Diffusion in Polymers Platform - back in the year 2000, will stay in use for our shareware facilities such as the forum, tables and case histories.
12 Jun 06 Boeing 787 Encounters Turbulence
  Technical glitches and manufacturing woes could delay Boeing's breakthrough.

For Boeing, the 787 Dreamliner, with its radical lightweight design, represents far more than a potentially juicy profit stream. Made from carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, the aircraft is supposed to be the symbol of a new Boeing... read more. [source: businessweek]

03 Apr 06 ESAT 2006
  The agency will be present at the 22nd European Symposium on Applied Thermodynamics from 28 June 2006 until 1 July 2006 in Elsinore - Denmark. We will give a presentation on the thermodynamics and diffusion of atmospheric water in high performance composites. Specific attention is given to the behaviour of water in the composite, when the temperature in the atmosphere variates from - 70 to + 50 degrees Celsius. More details are available on the site of esat 2006.
05 Nov 05 Fuel Containment 2005
  Sijmon van der Wal will give a talk on diffusion and chemical resistance of (reinforced) plastic containment materials. Special attention is given to Hydrogen and LPG losses from tubes and reinforced tanks when water diffuses into the opposite direction from the atmosphere. The Automotive Fuel Containment 2005 will be held on 6 and 7 December 2005 in Hannover, Germany. Conference is organized by Rapra Technology.